Aim of the study: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. It is caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the dopamine (DA) deletion in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Morphine elevates the level of dopamine in the mesolimbic dopamine system and plays a role in alleviating PD symptoms. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. The aim of the study is to investigate the mechanism on morphine alleviating PD symptoms.
Materials and methods: The viability of PC12 cells was measured by using MTT assay. The expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), CyclinD1 and Cyclin-dependent kinase5 (Cdk5) were detected by Western Blot.
Results: In present study, we found that morphine increased the cell viability in PC12 cells. 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridi-nium (MPP+) reduced the cell viability and TH expression, which were reversed by morphine. MPP+ decreased the expressions of Trx-1, CyclinD1, Cdk5, which were restored by morphine. Moreover, the role of morphine in restoring the expressions of Trx-1, CyclinD1 and Cdk5 decreased by MPP+ was abolished by LY294002, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor.
Conclusions: These results suggest that morphine reverses effects induced by MPP þ through activating PI3K/Akt pathway. 相似文献
Identification of deleterious variants in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) susceptibility genes allows for increased clinical surveillance and early detection, and could predict the response to poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor in patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas. To determine the prevalence and clinical prediction factors for HBOC syndrome, 882 selected individuals underwent multigene panel testing for HBOC risk assessment during the period from January 2015 to March 2018. Overall, 176 deleterious mutations were observed in 19.50% (n = 172) of individuals. Twenty‐six of 176 mutations could not be retrieved in related public databases and were considered to be novel. Among patients with ovarian cancer, 115 deleterious mutations were identified in 429 patients (48.6%) with significant enrichment for a family history of breast or ovarian cancer syndrome (P < .05). In the breast cancer subgroup, 31 deleterious mutations were identified in 261 patients. Besides BRCA1 (8; 25.8%) and BRCA2 (11; 35.5%), the most frequently occurring genes, an additional 12 deleterious mutations (38.7%) were found in seven other susceptibility genes. Higher mutation incidence (57.9%) was observed in subjects with histories of breast and ovarian cancer. Our results highlighted the genetic heterogeneity of HBOC and the efficiency of a multigene panel in carrying out risk assessment. 相似文献